1.
present continuous
The present continuous tense is formed
from the present tense of the verb be and the present participle (-ing form) of a verb:
Verbal
sentence:
(+) S+BE I+V
ING
(-) S+BE I+NOT+V ING
(?) BE I+S+V ING
Use
1.
We use the present continuous tense to talk about the present:
·
for something that is
happening at the moment of speaking:
I’m just leaving work. I’ll be home in an hour.
Please be quiet. The children are sleeping.
Please be quiet. The children are sleeping.
·
for something which is
happening before and after a given time:
At eight o’clock we are usually having breakfast.
When I get home the children are doing their homework.
When I get home the children are doing their homework.
·
for something
which we think is temporary:
Michael is at university. He’s studying history.
I’m working in London for the next two weeks.
I’m working in London for the next two weeks.
·
for something which
is new and contrasts with a previous state:
These days most people are using email
instead of writing letters.
What sort of clothes are teenagers wearing nowadays? What sort of music are they listeningto?
What sort of clothes are teenagers wearing nowadays? What sort of music are they listeningto?
·
to show that something
is changing, growing or developing:
The children are growing quickly.
The climate is changing rapidly.
Your English is improving.
The climate is changing rapidly.
Your English is improving.
·
for something which
happens again and again:
It’s always raining in London.
They are always arguing.
George is great. He’s always laughing.
They are always arguing.
George is great. He’s always laughing.
Note: We normally use always with
this use.
2.
We use the present continuous tense to talk about the future:
·
for something which has
been arranged or planned:
Mary is going to a new school next term.
What are you doing next week?
What are you doing next week?
3.
We can use the present continuous to talk about the past:
·
When we are telling
a story:
·
When we are summarising
the story from a book, film or play etc.:
Affirmative
|
||
Subject
|
+ to be
|
+ base + ing
|
She
|
is
|
talking.
|
Negative
|
||
Subject
|
+ to be + not
|
+ base + ing
|
She
|
is not (isn't)
|
talking
|
Interrogative
|
||
to be
|
+ subject
|
+ base + ing
|
Is
|
she
|
talking?
|
Example: To go, present continouns
1. (+)
I am going
(-)
I am not going
(?)
am I going ?
2. (+)
you are going
(-)
you aren’t going
(?)
are you going ?
3. (+)
he, she, it is going
(-)
he, she, it isn’t going
(?)
is she, he it going ?
4. (+)
we are going
(-)
we aren’t going
(?)
are we going ?
5. (+)
you are going
(-)
you aren’t going
(?)
are you going
Example:
1. They ….. Grammar in EnglishShop
right now
A. Are studying
B. Are study
C. Is studying
2. ….. are buying many books at the
moment
A. The Teacher
B. The Student
C. The old Women
3. ….. you …..My dictionaries right
now?
A. Are = bring
B. Is = bringing
C. Are = bringing
4. Budi and I ….. working in Big
Company
A. Am
B. Are
C. Is
5. The Police …. Under the tree
A. Is lying
B. Are laying
C. Are lying
6. All of My friend have been living
in Jakarta
A. All of My friend is living in Jakarta
B. All of My friend are living in Jakarta
C. All of My friends are living in
Jakarta
7. Ardianto’s teeth were better
A. Ardianto’s teeth are being better
B. Ardianto’s teeth is being better
C. Ardianto’s teeth is wereing better
8. He has practiced pronunciation
A. He are practicing pronunciation
B. He is practicing pronunciation
C. He is practiceing pronunciation
9. He is very naughty
A. He is being very naughty
B. He are being very naughty
C. He are very naughty
10. My Brother do a great job
A. My Brother is doing a great job
B. My Brother are doing a great job
C. My Brother are do a great job
2.
Perfect
tense
The present perfect
of any verb is composed of two elements : the appropriate form of the auxiliary
verb to have (present tense), plus
the past participle of the main verb. The past participle of a regular verb is base+ed,
e.g. played, arrived, looked.
For irregular verbs, see the Table
of irregular verbs in
the section called 'Verbs'.
Affirmative
|
||
Subject
|
to have
|
past participle
|
She
|
has
|
visited.
|
Negative
|
||
Subject
|
to have + not
|
past participle
|
She
|
has not (hasn't)
|
visited.
|
Interrogative
|
||
to have
|
subject
|
past participle
|
Has
|
she
|
visited?
|
Negative interrogative
|
||
to have + not
|
subject
|
past participle
|
Hasn't
|
she
|
visited?
|
Verbal
sentence:
(+)
S+HAVE/HAS+V III
(-) S+HAVE/HAS NOT+V III
(?) S+HAVE/HAS+S+V III?
To walk perfect tense
1. (+)
I have walked
(-)
I haven’t walked
(?)
have I walked ?
2. (+)
you have walked
(-)
you haven’t walked
(?)
have you walked?
3. (+)
we have walked
(-)
we haven’t walked
(?)
have we walked ?
4. (+)
they have walked
(-)
they haven’t walked
(?)
have they walked ?
5. (+)
he, she, it has walked
(-)
he, she, it hasn’t walked
(?)
has he, she it walked ?
Nominal
sentence:
(+) S+HAVE/HAS+BEEN+(NOUN,ADJ,ADV)
(-) S+HAVE/HAS+NOT+BEEN+(NOUN,ADJ,ADV)
(?) HVE/HAS+S+BEEN+(NOUN,ADJ,ADV)
Example
1. She ___ here for seven weeks.
a. has been
b. have been
c. had been
a. has been
b. have been
c. had been
2. I ___ English.
a. has studied
b. have got studied
c. have studied
3. I ___ my keys.
a. had lost
b. has lost
c. have lost
4. She ___ the exam.
a. ‘s passed
b. ‘ve passed
c. ‘se passed
5. Vira ___ breakfast.
a. has cooking
b. have cooked
c. has cooked
6. He ___ too much coffee.
a. has drink
b. has drank
c. has drunk
7. She ___ dinner.
a. has cooked
b. have cooked
c. has cooking
8. School ___ yet.
a. have not started
b. has not started
c. has not starte
9. They ___ the book yet.
a. haven’t found
b. haven’t founded
c. hasn’t founded
10. You ___ me.
a. haven’t calls
b. haven’t calledd
c. haven’t called
3.
Future
tense
There are a number of
different ways of referring to the future in English. It is important to
remember that we are expressing more than simply the time of the action or
event. Obviously, any 'future' tense will always refer to a time 'later than
now', but it may also express our attitude to the future event.
Simple Future Tense
1.
I
will make you smile
2.
Suneo
will sing a song in the class
3.
Winda
will buy a new shoes
4.
They
will help us there
5.
They
will meet us in the party
Future Continous
1.
I
will be playing football when she arrives tonight
2.
We
will be searching a new shoes when he comes to this restaurant
3.
Indah
will be singing a song when I play guitar
4.
Windu
will be waiting for someone
5.
Indonesia
will be trying to be the part of Great countries
Future Perfect Tense
1.
By
next december, I will have got my new shoes
2.
In
next afternoon, I will have seen you there
3.
I
am going to have written the letter tonight
4.
We
are going to have spoken English next week
5.
Sony
will have to made a big box from paper tonight
Future Perfect Continous Tense
1.
You
will have been taking new part of your motorcycle when it comes
2.
I
am going to have been playing football when he comes tomorrow
3.
We
are going to have been running through this way when there is not a car
4.
They
will have been speaking English tomorrow
Toni will have been waiting her girlfriend from this
morning
Example
1. Question
A: The phone is ringing
B: I …….. take it.
a. will
b. am going to
2. Question
A: I can’t hear the
radio.
B: Ok, I ……. turn it up.
a. will
b. am going to
3. Question
A: What ……. do this
weekend?
B: I have no idea.
a. will you
b. are you going to
4. Question
A: Why are you taking my
pencil?
B: I …….. write a
letter.
a. will
b. am going to
5. Question
She …….. visit us next
month.
a. will
b. is going to
6. Question
I personally predict that
…….. be the next president.
a. will
b. is going to
7. Question
A: What’s you plan for
this summer holiday?
B: I ……. visit New York.
a. will
b. am going to
8. Question
A: Excuse me, do you
know where the Professor Aditama’s room is?
B: I don’t know, but I
think that guy …….. help you to show it.
a. will
b. is going to
9. Question
I ……. find a work as
soon as I graduate from this school.
a. will
b. am going to
10. Question
A: I am sure she ……..
come.
B: Ok.
a. will
b. is going to
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